Around the world, phytoplankton in the upper ocean help to cycle key nutrients and regulate Earth’s climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. These photosynthesizing organisms rely on dissolved iron as an ...

In the coming decades, climate change is likely to lead to a loss of sea ice in and an influx of warmer water to the Arctic Ocean, affecting the ocean’s vertical circulation. Brown et al. recently ...

In Antarctica, beneath the ice, there is liquid water—and potentially a lot of it. That’s the takeaway from new research that ...

Regular, alternating layers in Gale Crater may have been deposited as the result of tides raised by a moon at least 18 times the mass of Phobos, a study says. Pictures of a rocky outcrop snapped ...

U.S. Geological Survey Pasadena earthquake response coordinator Sue Hough surveys rocks displaced by the magnitude 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake, which struck Southern California in July 2019. New ...

The rare earth element niobium was likely dragged to the surface as the supercontinent Rodinia broke apart more than 800 million years ago. Credit: Artem Topchiy/Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 For much of ...

The ocean has helped mitigate global warming by absorbing around a quarter of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, along with more than 90% of the excess heat those emissions generate. This ...

Improvements in subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasting (S2S), which projects weather 2 weeks to 2 months in advance, could support more informed decisions about when to plant and irrigate crops, among ...

Coupling an AI-driven model of the atmosphere with a model of the ocean could help scientists create highly efficient emulations of the entire Earth system. Modelers have demonstrated that artificial ...

The figure depicts the hierarchy of different types of Earth System climate models. These vary in complexity (increasing from bottom to top) and in the kinds of compromises sacrificed to computation.

Heat waves, such as the record-breaking Siberian heat wave in 2020, are having lingering impacts on Arctic ecosystems. Credit: Andrei Zverev/Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0 Now Kwon et al. suggest that the ...

Around 1.1 billion years ago, the oldest and most tectonically stable part of North America—called Laurentia—was rapidly heading south toward the equator. Laurentia eventually slammed into Earth’s ...