In an unreplicated blocked design, the interaction effect that is confounded with the block effect cannot be estimated. You can replicate the experiment so that a ...
Control for confounding is crucial in causal observational studies. However, the modelling of continuous confounders has not received much attention. This is probably because in causal research the ...
Unmeasured confounding variables are a common problem in drawing causal inferences in observational studies. A theorem is given which in certain circumstances allows the researcher to draw conclusions ...