Electromechanical components such as relays and switches often must undergo endurance tests that verify their reliability and safety. Regulatory standards typically have compliance criteria that ...

A version of thie article appeared in the February 2012 issue of Test & Measurement World. See the PDF. Many industrial systems use the 4–20-mA loop to transmit measurements from sensors to displays, ...

Microcontrollers contain a broad range of features due to the numerous end-use markets they address. Typical microcontrollers come in 8-, 16-, and 32-bit versions and commonly are used in consumer, ...

This circuit solved a problem encountered in developing a portable device with an ARM Cortex-M0 processor. The power supply consisted of two AA batteries (2 × 1.5 V), and I needed to signal the user ...

Drawing and analysing flowchart diagrams involves elements like count, compare, macro, do macro, end, increments, decrements, and expressions. Microcontrollers (PICs) are used in control systems, ...

Nicholas Murray]’s Composite Test Pattern Generator is a beautifully-made, palm-sized tool that uses an ESP32-based development board to output different test patterns in PAL/NTSC. If one ...

An open-source ecosystem allows sharing application resources and providing technical support through an active developers’ community. OpenPLC is a programming editor that support the International ...