Substances can exist in three states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. All substances are made from particles, and the forces between the particles are different in solids, liquids and gases. The ...

In solid materials with regular atomic structures, figuring out weak points where the material will break under stress is relatively easy. But for disordered solids, like glass or sand, their ...

The theory of non-ideal gases at thermodynamic equilibrium, for instance the van der Waals gas model, has played a central role in our understanding of coexisting phases, as well as the transitions ...

Tangled chains lead to shear thickening Simulations showing the emergence of chains of particles in a suspension. The image on the left shows isolated chains in a suspension with a relatively low ...