While working on recreating an “ancient” (read: 60-year-old) logic circuit type known as resistor-transistor logic, [Tim] stumbled across a circuit with an unexpected oscillation. The oscillation ...

The ubiquitous LED continues to expand frontiers and applications with a plethora of sizes, colors, and output lumens. Flashing LEDs that incorporate internal electronics for oscillation offer ...

A transistor – a word blend of "transfer" and "resistor" – is a fundamental component of today's advanced electronics. Essentially, a transistor, as one of the foundational elements of modern ...

If you ever work with a circuit that controls a decent amount of current, you will often encounter a FET – a Field-Effect Transistor. Whether you want to control a couple of powerful LEDs, switch a ...

Figure 1 shows a variation on a sine wave oscillator, it uses just two transistors and a single variable resistor to set the frequency. Figure 1 Just a couple of components are needed for a simple ...

Logic elements “Exclusive OR” are widely used in a variety of digital devices. However, in some cases, for example, when using increased operating voltages, the use of standard chips is impossible.

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...